THE CONCEPT OF “HAPPINESS” IN WESTERN AND EASTERN LITERARY DISCOURSE: A COMPARATIVE COGNITIVE AND LINGUOCULTURAL ANALYSIS OF J.LONDON’S “MARTIN EDEN” AND A.QODIRIY’S “O‘TKAN KUNLAR”
Abstract
This article examines the linguistic, cultural, and cognitive representations of the concept of “happiness” in Jack London’s “Martin Eden” and Abdulla Qodiriy’s “O‘tkan kunlar”. The study shows how the idea of happiness is shaped differently within Western individualistic culture and Eastern collectivist traditions. Through comparative analysis, the research clarifies how personal freedom, intellectual growth, and self-realization dominate the Western model, while love, family unity, and spiritual harmony define the Eastern perspective.
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