A DOZEN DAYS OF COLLISION BETWEEN IRAN AND ISRAEL
Abstract
The Iran-Israel 12-day conflict in June 2025 was a brief but intense military confrontation primarily sparked by Israeli airstrikes on Iran’s nuclear facilities and Iran’s missile retaliation. The conflict involved heavy missile and drone attacks, U.S. military intervention, and resulted in significant civilian casualties and infrastructural damage. A fragile ceasefire ended the fighting, but deep regional tensions and unresolved political issues remain. The conflict reshaped alliances and highlighted the complexity of Middle Eastern geopolitics.
References
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