SEMANTIC AND COGNITIVE FEATURES OF TIME EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK
Abstract
This article examines the semantic and cognitive features of time expressions in English and Uzbek languages from a comparative linguistic perspective. The study focuses on the ways temporal concepts are verbalized through lexical, phraseological, and contextual units in both languages. Time, as a universal cognitive category, reflects not only grammatical structures but also national-cultural worldviews and conceptual thinking patterns. The research analyzes how English and Uzbek speakers perceive and interpret temporal relations through linguistic means such as metaphors, idiomatic expressions, tense systems, and contextual associations. Special attention is paid to the cognitive mechanisms underlying the conceptualization of past, present, and future in both linguistic cultures. The article also investigates similarities and differences in temporal expressions, revealing the influence of historical, social, and cultural factors on language consciousness. Comparative analysis demonstrates that while English tends to represent time through linear and pragmatic models, Uzbek language often reflects cyclical and culturally symbolic perceptions of time. The findings contribute to cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, and comparative semantics by highlighting the interaction between language, thought, and culture in the verbalization of temporal concepts.
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