DYSLIPIDEMIA IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE: A METABOLIC COMORBIDITY, SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION, AND THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

Dyslipidemia has emerged as a significant and often underappreciated comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is increasingly recognized not merely as a cardiovascular risk factor but as a contributor to systemic inflammation and disease progression in COPD. The mechanisms linking dyslipidemia with COPD are multifactorial, involving oxidative stress, altered adipokine secretion, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic low-grade inflammation. These interactions create a bidirectional relationship that amplifies pulmonary and cardiovascular impairment. Despite accumulating evidence, dyslipidemia remains inadequately addressed in COPD management guidelines. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the pathophysiological interplay between lipid abnormalities and COPD, highlights their clinical consequences, and outlines contemporary and emerging strategies for effective management, including the roles of statins, PCSK9 inhibitors, and targeted metabolic interventions. Emphasis is placed on the need for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach in managing COPD patients with metabolic dysfunction.