GROUNDWATER LEVEL, MINERALIZATION, AND POLLUTION IN UZBEKISTAN: AN OVERVIEW
Abstract
This study investigates the current state of groundwater resources in Uzbekistan, focusing on three critical aspects: declining water levels, increasing mineralization, and widespread pollution. Data collected from hydrogeological monitoring stations, laboratory analyses, and remote sensing techniques reveal significant challenges facing groundwater sustainability. Groundwater levels have declined by an average of 0.38–0.62 meters annually in key regions such as the Fergana Valley, Amu Darya Basin, and the Aral Sea region, primarily due to over-extraction for irrigation and reduced recharge caused by climate change. Mineralization levels have risen sharply, with total dissolved solids (TDS) exceeding 2,100 mg/L in the Amu Darya Basin and reaching up to 3,200 mg/L in the Aral Sea region, rendering much of the water unsuitable for drinking or irrigation.
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