PREVENTION OF VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common and serious nosocomial infections in patients receiving mechanical ventilation in intensive care units (ICUs). It significantly increases the risk of complications, length of stay in the ICU, treatment costs, and mortality. This study aims to analyze current methods of VAP prevention and evaluate their effectiveness in ICU settings.
References
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) Event. CDC/NHSN, 2023. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn
2. Klompas, M., Branson, R., Eichenwald, E.C., et al. Strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in acute care hospitals: 2022 update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol., 2022;43(6):641–657.
3. Torres, A., Niederman, M.S., Chastre, J., et al. International ERS/ESICM/ESCMID/ALAT guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults. Eur Respir J., 2024;63:2201002.
4. Bekaert, M., Timsit, J.F., Vansteelandt, S., et al. Impact of ventilator-associated pneumonia on mortality and resource utilization in intensive care units. Crit Care Med., 2020;48(4):620–628.
5. Blot, S., Koulenti, D., Dimopoulos, G., et al. Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units. Curr Opin Infect Dis., 2019;32(4):333–340.
6. O’Keefe, S., Fieux, F., Papazian, L. Ventilator bundles for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Ann Intensive Care., 2021;11:72.
7. Chastre, J., Fagon, J.Y. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 2002;165(7):867–903.
8. Melsen, W.G., Rovers, M.M., Bonten, M.J.M. Ventilator-associated pneumonia and mortality: a systematic review of observational studies. Crit Care Med., 2009;37:2709–2718.
9. Munoz-Price, L.S., Weinstein, R.A. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: risk factors, diagnosis, and management. Crit Care Clin., 2008;24(3):503–520.
10. Klompas, M. How to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. Curr Opin Crit Care., 2010;16:89–95.




















