TISH EMAL PRIZMALARIGA YOPISHIB OLGAN BAKTERIYALAR TURLARI VA ULARNI EMALGA TA’SIR MEXANIZMI

Abstract

Dental caries and periodontal diseases are widespread clinical issues affecting approximately 3.5 billion people worldwide and leading to serious health complications. According to the World Health Organization, more than 50% of the adult population suffers from periodontal diseases. In Taiwan, the prevalence of these diseases is observed at 53% among adults and 73% among the elderly. The primary etiological factor of these diseases is the oral microbiota. The oral cavity hosts more than 700 bacterial species, including anaerobic bacteria (Lactobacillus, Porphyromonas) and aerobic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius). Dental plaque (tartar) is a complex biomatrix composed of polymicrobial bioflora, which enhances bacterial pathogenicity and reduces sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. The biofilm matrix limits the penetration of antimicrobial agents into the plaque, while bacteria exhibit new phenotypes that increase resistance to inhibitors. The main stages of plaque formation include the development of the acquired pellicle, weak physicochemical adhesion of bacteria, strong adhesion mediated by adhesin-receptor interactions, bacterial proliferation, and the formation of an exopolysaccharide matrix.