THE GEOPOLITICS OF AFGHANISTAN AND TURKESTAN AT THE TURN OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Abstract
Based on historical archival records, this material analyzes the geopolitical dynamics and the intricate processes of establishing diplomatic relations between Turkestan and Afghanistan at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It examines the expansionist strategies of British imperialism in Central Asia and evaluates the detrimental impact of the coercive Treaty of Gandamak (1879) and the Anglo-Russian Convention (1907) on Afghan sovereignty. Furthermore, the text highlights the profound influence of the October Revolution on the Afghan national liberation movement, the pioneering diplomatic initiatives undertaken by the Turkestan Soviet Republic to forge good-neighborly ties, and the subsequent recognition of Afghanistan's absolute independence under the reign of Amir Amanullah Khan.
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