THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON MATERNAL MORTALITY

Abstract

Maternal mortality remains a significant global public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. While medical and socioeconomic determinants of maternal health have been extensively studied, the role of environmental factors has received comparatively less attention. This study examines the impact of environmental conditions, including air pollution, water contamination, climate change, exposure to hazardous chemicals, and inadequate sanitation, on maternal mortality rates. Environmental hazards can contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes by increasing the risk of complications such as hypertension, respiratory diseases, infections, and preterm birth. Furthermore, climate-related events, including extreme heat, floods, and droughts, may reduce access to essential maternal healthcare services and exacerbate existing health inequalities. Through a review of current literature and available epidemiological evidence, this paper highlights the pathways through which environmental factors influence maternal health outcomes. The findings suggest that environmental exposures constitute a substantial yet often overlooked determinant of maternal mortality. Addressing these risks requires integrated public health policies, environmental protection measures, and improved healthcare infrastructure. Greater attention to environmental determinants is essential for achieving global maternal health targets and reducing preventable maternal deaths.