COMPARATIVE VALUE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND CONTRAST-ENHANCED EXAMINATION IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS AND LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis are progressive liver diseases characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and architectural distortion of hepatic parenchyma. Globally, chronic hepatitis B and C affect over 300 million individuals, with cirrhosis representing the terminal stage of chronic liver injury. Cirrhosis significantly increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), necessitating accurate and early diagnostic strategies.
References
1. Roberts, L. R., Sirlin, C. B., Zaiem, F., Almasri, J., Prokop, L. J., Heimbach, J. K., & Murad, M. H. (2018).
Imaging for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Hepatology, 67(1), 401–421.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.29487
2. Hanna, R. F., Miloushev, V. Z., Tang, A., Finklestone, L. A., Brejt, S. Z., Sandhu, R. S., & Sirlin, C. B. (2016).
Comparative 13-year meta-analysis of the sensitivity and positive predictive value of ultrasound, CT, and MRI for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma.
Abdominal Radiology, 41(1), 71–90.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-015-0592-8
3. Fraquelli, M., Colli, A., Casazza, G., Massironi, S., Colucci, A., Conte, D., & Duca, P. (2022).
Role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: A Cochrane systematic review.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2022(9).
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013483.pub2
4. Kim, G., Kim, M. Y., Baik, S. K. (2016).
Transitional hepatic hemodynamics in liver cirrhosis: Role of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.
Gut and Liver, 10(5), 681–689.
https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl15572
5. Van der Pol, C. B., Lim, C. S., Sirlin, C. B., McGrath, T. A., Salameh, J. P., Bashir, M. R., ... & Zukotynski, K. (2022).
Accuracy of LI-RADS for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Radiology, 302(3), 709–722.
https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2021211244
6. Son, J. H., Lee, S. S., Kim, J. H., et al. (2020).
Diagnostic performance of CEUS LI-RADS for hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Hepatology International, 14(6), 1100–1113.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-020-10102-5
7. Wang, H., Li, W., Zhang, J., et al. (2023).
Diagnostic performance of CEUS LI-RADS versus CT/MRI LI-RADS for hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis.
Diagnostics, 13(6), 1042.
https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13061042
8. Zhang, Z., Chen, J., Jiang, H., et al. (2023).
Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in early hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology, 14(2), 456–468.
https://doi.org/10.21037/jgo-22-1100
9. Duan, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., et al. (2023).
Application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the evaluation of portal hypertension: Current status and future perspectives.
Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 17(5), 523–535.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2023.2196402
10. Xie, L., Zhang, B., Zheng, Y., et al. (2011).
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the characterization of focal liver lesions: A meta-analysis.
Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 37(6), 854–861.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.03.009
11. Strobel, D., Seitz, K., Blank, W., et al. (2021).
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the characterization of focal liver lesions—Diagnostic accuracy in clinical practice.
Ultraschall in der Medizin, 42(3), 242–253.
https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1148-4657
12. Lund, M., et al. (2024).
Diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound compared with CT and MRI in liver lesions: A systematic review.
Expert Review of Medical Devices.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17434440.2024.2407973
13. Tang, Y., Li, Y., Chen, X., et al. (2025).
Clinical utility of CEUS in differentiating benign and malignant liver lesions.
Journal of Clinical Ultrasound.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.23879
14. Huang, J., Xie, X., Luo, Y., et al. (2017).
Diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound versus CT for hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis.
Medicine (Baltimore), 96(28), e7447.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000007447
15. Chou, R., Cuevas, C., Fu, R., et al. (2015).
Imaging techniques for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Annals of Internal Medicine, 162(10), 697–711.
https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-2539




















