EPONYMS IN ONOMASTICS: LINGUISTIC, CULTURAL, AND HISTORICAL DIMENSIONS

Abstract

This article explores the role of eponyms within the field of onomastics, a specialized branch of linguistics dedicated to the study of proper names. Eponyms, terms derived from the names of individuals, places, or events, hold a central position in the development of terminological systems across various scientific, historical, and cultural contexts. The study examines the linguistic essence, semantics, and structure of eponyms, alongside their historical, cultural, gender, sociolinguistic, and cognitive aspects. Eponyms not only reflect the contributions of individuals but also offer insights into the processes that shape naming conventions in different disciplines, such as medicine, biology, chemistry, and physics. The article emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of eponyms, discussing them as both linguistic and cultural phenomena. Furthermore, it highlights the ongoing academic interest in the comparative study of eponyms across languages and cultures. The research also addresses key features of eponyms, including their word formation, changing meanings over time, and their branching functionality, wherein terms evolve to encompass broader or specialized meanings. By examining the dynamics of eponyms, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of how names function in society and language, bridging gaps between various academic fields and enhancing the study of onomastics as a whole.