RARE EARTH ELEMENTS AND GLOBAL POWER: THE ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY AND GEOPOLITICAL STAKES OF STRATEGIC RESOURCES
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) have emerged as critical strategic resources shaping the global balance of power. Their unique properties make them indispensable for a wide range of advanced technologies, including electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, defense applications, and consumer electronics. This paper examines the economic geography of REE production and consumption, highlighting the concentration of supply chains and the associated geopolitical vulnerabilities. It analyzes the strategic actions taken by major global players such as the United States, China, Japan, and the European Union to secure access to these essential materials. Furthermore, it explores the projected growth in REE demand across key sectors by 2030, emphasizing the increasing importance of resource security in economic and political strategies. The study underscores how control over REE resources is becoming a critical determinant of technological leadership and national competitiveness in the evolving global landscape.
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