SEMAGLUTIDE (ORSEMA): CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF GLP-1 RECEPTOR AGONIST IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND OBESITY - CLINICAL PRACTICE REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent two interconnected medical challenges that significantly impact global public health. T2DM is an independent risk factor for CVD development, including conditions such as coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and chronic heart failure. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases claim nearly 18 million lives annually, accounting for approximately 31% of all deaths worldwide. Among T2DM patients, cardiovascular diseases remain the primary cause of mortality. In Russia, for instance, chronic heart failure accounts for 24.2% of deaths in T2DM patients. The pathophysiological connection between atherosclerotic CVD and diabetes involves multiple factors: hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and metabolic disorders. These processes contribute to myocardial stiffness, hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis in T2DM patients. Furthermore, the combination of diabetes with other metabolic disorders further increases the risk of adverse outcomes. Recent years have witnessed growing interest in developing effective therapeutic strategies to reduce cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients. These strategies encompass both glycemic control and the use of medications with favorable cardiovascular profiles.