IQLIM O‘ZGARISHI VA TUPROQ SHO‘RLANISHI: O‘ZBEKISTON SUG‘ORMA DEHQONCHILIGI OLDIDAGI YANGI MELIORATIV MUAMMOLAR
Abstract
O‘zbekistonning qurg‘oqchil va keskin kontinental iqlim sharoitida qishloq xo‘jaligi ishlab chiqarishining barqarorligi ko‘p jihatdan sug‘orish tizimlarining samarali ishlashiga bog‘liq. Biroq global iqlim o‘zgarishi natijasida havo haroratining ko‘tarilishi, evapotranspiratsiyaning ortishi, qurg‘oqchilik hodisalarining kuchayishi va daryo oqimining mavsumiy rejimidagi o‘zgarishlar sug‘oriladigan yerlarda mavjud meliorativ muammolarni murakkablashtirmoqda. Ayniqsa, suv tanqisligi bilan tuproq sho‘rlanishining o‘zaro kuchaytiruvchi ta’siri O‘zbekiston sug‘orma dehqonchiligi uchun strategik xavfga aylanmoqda. So‘nggi ma’lumotlarga ko‘ra, mamlakat sug‘oriladigan qishloq xo‘jaligi yerlarining qariyb 45–47 foizida turli darajadagi sho‘rlanish qayd etiladi. Qishloq xo‘jaligi esa mamlakat suv iste’molining qariyb 90 foizini tashkil etadi. Iqlim o‘zgarishi ta’sirida O‘zbekistonda mavjud suv resurslarining 30–40 foizgacha qisqarishi, shu bilan bir vaqtda irrigatsiya suviga talabning 25 foizga ortishi mumkinligi prognoz qilinmoqda.
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