ЛИНЕЗОЛИД: СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ОКСАЗОЛИДИНОНОВЫЙ АНТИБИОТИК ДЛЯ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ИНФЕКЦИЙ, ВЫЗВАННЫХ РЕЗИСТЕНТНЫМИ ГРАМПОЛОЖИТЕЛЬНЫМИ МИКРООРГАНИЗМАМИ

Abstract

The rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive pathogens has become a major global healthcare challenge. Linezolid, the first clinically approved oxazolidinone antibiotic, exhibits potent activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Its unique mechanism of action involves inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis through binding to the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing the formation of the initiation complex. Linezolid demonstrates excellent oral bioavailability, favorable tissue penetration, and the possibility of intravenous-to-oral switch therapy. This review summarizes the pharmacological properties, mechanism of action, antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical applications, adverse reactions, and resistance mechanisms associated with linezolid. Despite its high clinical efficacy, prolonged therapy may be associated with hematological toxicity, neuropathy, and lactic acidosis, necessitating careful patient monitoring.