ORGANIC PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF MOXONIDINE IN THE COMBINATION OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Abstract
Arterial hypertension (AH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are among the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The coexistence of these conditions is associated with activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, contributing to the progression of cardiovascular and renal complications. This article reviews current concepts regarding the mechanisms of action of moxonidine, a selective agonist of type I imidazoline receptors, and its role in the treatment of patients with AH and T2DM. Clinical studies demonstrating the high antihypertensive efficacy of moxonidine, its beneficial effects on carbohydrate metabolism, reduction of insulin resistance, and cardio- and nephroprotective properties are presented. Particular attention is paid to recent studies from 2024–2025 focusing on the role of sympathetic hyperactivation in the development of cardiometabolic disorders and the перспективы применения моксонидина в составе комбинированной терапии с ингибиторами SGLT-2 и агонистами GLP-1. It has been shown that moxonidine contributes to reduced inflammation, decreased microalbuminuria, regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, and improvement of metabolic parameters. Its favorable tolerability profile ensures high patient adherence to long-term therapy. Moxonidine is considered a promising component of organ-protective therapy in patients at high cardiovascular risk.
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