AVAILABILITY OF MICROELEMENTS SUCH AS Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu AND IMPACT ON YIELD
Abstract
This study systematically analyzes the soil occurrence forms of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu), their mechanisms of plant uptake, and their physiological effects on crop productivity. Based on contemporary scientific literature, the roles of these micronutrients in enzymatic processes, photosynthesis, redox reactions, and phytohormone biosynthesis are substantiated. The findings indicate that both deficiency and excess of micronutrients disrupt plant metabolic processes, leading to reduced yield quantity and quality. Soil pH, carbonate content, and organic matter reserves are identified as key determinants regulating micronutrient bioavailability in agroecosystems.
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