PHARMACOECONOMIC EVALUATION OF SINGLE-INHALER TRIPLE THERAPY (ICS/LABA/LAMA) IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE: A GLOBAL EVIDENCE REVIEW
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) imposes a significant clinical and economic burden worldwide. Single-inhaler triple therapy (SITT), combining an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA), and a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), has emerged as a therapeutic option for patients with persistent symptoms or frequent exacerbations. Global evidence from clinical trials, health economic models, and systematic reviews indicates that SITT improves exacerbation outcomes, quality of life, and lung function while demonstrating cost-effectiveness or even cost savings compared with dual therapies or monotherapies. Key cost drivers include exacerbation frequency, adherence, and drug pricing. SITT is recommended for high-risk COPD patients, with cost-effectiveness dependent on local healthcare system parameters.
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