CLINICAL AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN YOUNG ADULTS
Abstract
Background: Arterial hypertension (AH), traditionally considered a disease of middle and old age, is increasingly being diagnosed in young adults aged 18-45 years. Its clinical and prognostic significance in this demographic is often underestimated. Objective: To analyze the specific features of etiology, clinical presentation, target organ damage, and long-term prognosis of arterial hypertension in young adults. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of contemporary literature and clinical studies was conducted. The review focuses on studies involving patients aged 18-45 years with diagnosed hypertension. Results: Hypertension in young adults is characterized by a high prevalence of masked hypertension, a strong association with obesity and metabolic syndrome, and a significant frequency of secondary hypertension forms. Early target organ damage, including left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and increased arterial stiffness, is common. Psychosocial factors, including chronic stress, play a substantial role. Long-term prognostic data indicate a significantly increased risk of major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke) and chronic kidney disease in midlife. Conclusion: Arterial hypertension in young adults is a serious medical condition with unique features and substantial long-term prognostic implications. It requires an active diagnostic approach, including screening for secondary forms and assessment of subclinical organ damage. Early and aggressive management is crucial for improving long-term cardiovascular health.
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