PHYSIOLOGICAL AND CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATION TO HYPOXIA
Abstract
This article analyzes the mechanisms of the body's adaptation to hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) at the physiological and cellular levels. Hypoxia is associated with various pathological conditions (cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, anemia) and extreme environments (high altitudes, underwater). The article covers HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor), activation of erythropoiesis, metabolic changes, vascular remodeling, and neurohumoral mechanisms. Understanding the molecular basis of adaptation to hypoxia enables the development of new strategies for treating ischemia, cancer, and metabolic diseases.
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