IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE ON ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN ADOLESCENTS
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of social media platforms has fundamentally transformed adolescent social interaction, with profound implications for mental health. This narrative review examines the relationship between social media usage and the development of anxiety and depression symptoms among adolescents aged 10-19. Drawing upon longitudinal studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews published between 2019 and 2025, this article synthesizes current evidence on the mechanisms, risk factors, and intervention strategies associated with problematic social media use. Findings indicate that while social media offers opportunities for connection and self-expression, excessive and problematic use is consistently associated with elevated symptoms of anxiety and depression. The relationship appears bidirectional, with pre-existing mental health vulnerabilities increasing susceptibility to harmful social media engagement patterns. Gender differences are pronounced, with adolescent girls demonstrating greater vulnerability to social comparison and cyberbullying-related distress. Evidence-based interventions, including cognitive-behavioral approaches, mindfulness training, and structured digital detox programs, show promising results in mitigating adverse mental health outcomes.
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