COMORBID CONDITIONS IN METABOLIC SYNDROME AND DIABETES MELLITUS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL LINKS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS.
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus represent two of the most prevalent chronic metabolic disorders worldwide and are frequently accompanied by multiple comorbid conditions. These interconnected disorders significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and other systemic complications. The coexistence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes creates a complex clinical situation that accelerates disease progression and worsens patient outcomes. The present review aims to analyze the major comorbid conditions associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus, focusing on their pathophysiological mechanisms, epidemiological relevance, and clinical consequences. Data from recent epidemiological and clinical studies demonstrate that more than 70% of individuals with type 2 diabetes also meet the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome. Moreover, cardiovascular complications account for nearly two-thirds of mortality in this population. Understanding the interaction between these disorders is essential for early detection, prevention strategies, and personalized therapeutic approaches.
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