METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION–ASSOCIATED FATTY LIVER DISEASE: PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL SPECTRUM, AND CURRENT MANAGEMENT APPROACHES
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a highly prevalent chronic liver disorder worldwide and is closely associated with metabolic abnormalities such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite its growing global burden, no definitive curative therapy has been established. MAFLD exhibits a heterogeneous pathogenesis, resulting in a wide spectrum of clinical outcomes ranging from simple steatosis to advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The recent shift in disease nomenclature emphasizes the central role of metabolic dysfunction and improves patient stratification in both clinical practice and research. Currently, lifestyle modification remains the cornerstone of management, while pharmacological therapies are under active investigation with limited efficacy. A deeper understanding of disease mechanisms is essential for the development of effective and targeted therapeutic strategies.
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