THE ROLE OF PSA BIOMARKERS IN EARLY DETECTION OF PROSTATE CANCER: CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE, LIMITATIONS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Suyunov Og‘abek Oybek o'g’li

Authors

Suyunov Og‘abek Oybek o'g’li Author

Abstract

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has enabled the early detection of prostate cancer worldwide, significantly improving diagnosis and treatment. However, since PSA is expressed in both benign and malignant cells, prostate cancer screening based solely on single cutoff values provides imperfect diagnostic performance and has led to the detection and overtreatment of low-grade prostate cancer.It has become evident that PSA results are affected by substantial inter- and intra-individual variability, as well as differences related to age and prostate volume, creating challenges in interpretation.Therefore, new approaches have been proposed to refine the interpretation of PSA. These include age-specific cutoff values, adjustments based on age and genetic factors, PSA density, percentage of free PSA, and PSA velocity.

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