O‘TKIR BUYRAK YETISHMOVCHILIGI SINDROMI: ETIOLOGIYA, PATOGENEZ VA DAVOLASH YONDASHUVLARI
Abstract
O‘tkir buyrak yetishmovchiligi sindromi (OBYS) — buyrak faoliyatining keskin, to‘satdan buzilishi natijasida organizmda azotli metabolitlarning (kreatinin, mochevina) to‘planishi, suyuqlik va elektrolitlar balansining izdan chiqishi hamda kislota-ishqor muvozanatining buzilishi bilan tavsiflanadigan murakkab klinik-patofiziologik holatdir. 2025-yilda olib borilgan yangi tadqiqotlar OBYSning etiologik spektri juda kengligini, ya’ni nefrotoksik dori vositalari, kontrast moddalar, gemodinamik buzilishlar, sepsis, obstruktiv uropatiya va immun tizimdagi o‘zgarishlar asosiy sababchi ekanini ko‘rsatmoqda. An’anaviy diagnostika ko‘rsatkichlari (kreatinin, diurez) kech aniqlashga imkon berar ekan, yangi biomarkerlar — NGAL, KIM-1, IL-18, TIMP-2/IGFBP7 va molekulyar “omics” usullari orqali erta tashxis qo‘yish imkoniyati kengaymoqda. Sun’iy intellekt va mashinaviy o‘rganish asosida ishlab chiqilgan prognoz modellar esa AKI rivojlanishini erta bosqichda bashorat qilishga yordam beradi. Davolashda gemodializ va peritoneal dializ asosiy o‘rinda qolmoqda, biroq renoprotektiv agentlar, antioksidantlar, immunomodulyatorlar va masofali ishemiya modulyatsiyasi kabi yangi strategiyalar istiqbolli yo‘nalish hisoblanadi. Ushbu maqola OBYSning patogenezidan boshlab diagnostika va davolashning zamonaviy yondashuvlarini, 2024–2025-yillardagi yangiliklarni, klinik tajriba natijalarini va kelajak istiqbollarini ilmiy asosda keng yoritadi.
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