EVALUATION OF THE ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN INDIVIDUALS USING FIXED DENTURES FOR A LONG TIME
Abstract
The long-term use of fixed dental prostheses can significantly impact the anatomical and functional integrity of the oral cavity. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, radiographic, and functional changes in patients who have used fixed dentures for extended periods. A total of 60 participants aged 35 to 70 years with prosthesis durations exceeding five years were examined through clinical assessments, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), electromyography (EMG), masticatory performance tests, and patient questionnaires. Clinical findings revealed a high prevalence of gingival recession, periodontal inflammation, and plaque accumulation, especially around prosthetic margins. Radiographic evaluations showed notable alveolar bone resorption, cortical thinning, and periapical lesions beneath prosthetic elements. Functional analysis indicated altered masticatory muscle activity, reduced chewing efficiency, and minor speech disturbances. Despite these issues, the majority of patients reported satisfaction with their prostheses, mainly due to aesthetic and psychological benefits. The study highlights the discrepancy between patient-reported satisfaction and clinical outcomes, emphasizing the need for regular follow-ups and preventive care. Prosthodontic treatment should be approached as a continuous process, requiring ongoing monitoring, maintenance, and patient education. Individualized follow-up protocols, proper prosthesis design, and advanced diagnostic tools such as CBCT and EMG are essential for early detection and management of complications. In conclusion, while fixed dentures provide substantial benefits, they are associated with long-term anatomical and functional challenges that necessitate a multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach to care.
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