HEMATOPOIETIC MALIGNANCIES: PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, AND CONTEMPORARY TREATMENT APPROACHES
Abstract
Hematopoietic malignancies, particularly leukemias, represent a heterogeneous group of life-threatening disorders characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal blood cells. This comprehensive review examines the molecular pathogenesis, classification, diagnostic modalities, and evidence-based treatment strategies for acute and chronic leukemias. Recent epidemiological data indicate that leukemia accounts for 3.2% of all cancer diagnoses globally, with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) being the most common childhood malignancy. The article analyzes modern therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapies (e.g., tyrosine kinase inhibitors), CAR-T cell immunotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Special emphasis is placed on emerging biomarkers for early detection and management of treatment-related complications.
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